Cardinals, with their unmistakable red plumage and enchanting songs, have long captured the hearts of many. Yet, beyond their striking appearance lies a world rich in intriguing behaviors, adaptations, and tales.
Join us as we embark on a journey to unveil lesser-known facets of these beloved backyard visitors, presenting a side of cardinals you’ve never seen before.
Top 25 Intriguing Facts About Cardinals
- Mating for Life: Cardinals typically pair up for life.
- Song Sharing: Uniquely, both male and female cardinals sing.
- Mirror “Attack”: Male cardinals sometimes attack their reflection, mistaking it for a rival.
- Rare Yellow: Yellow cardinals, a result of a genetic mutation, have occasionally been spotted.
- Nighttime Serenades: Some cardinals have been known to sing at night.
- Desert Cardinal: The Pyrrhuloxia, often called the “Desert Cardinal”, thrives in the American Southwest.
- Tool Use: Cardinals have been observed using tools, like leaves, to assist in gathering food.
- Bill as Health Gauge: A cardinal’s bright orange bill is often a sign of good health.
- State Fame: The Northern Cardinal is the state bird for seven U.S. states.
- Weather Folklore: Some believe that when a cardinal sings loudly, rain is coming soon.
- Multiple Nests: Some cardinal pairs will construct multiple nests before deciding on one.
- Literary Appearances: Cardinals have been featured in literature, such as in poems by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
- Urban Adaptation: Cardinals in cities have been known to dine on grains and bread.
- Hidden Homes: Cardinals often conceal their nests in dense shrubberies.
- Rare Hybrids: On rare occasions, cardinals mate with other bird species, producing hybrids, see Birds in the Cardinal Family.
- UV Vision: Cardinals can see ultraviolet light, which aids in identifying mates and food.
- Juvenile Appearance: Young cardinals are dull brown but hint at the red they’ll become as adults.
- Non-Vocal Noises: Cardinals can produce a clapping sound with their beaks when they’re annoyed.
- Winter Flocks: Cardinals form flocks in the winter, but become territorial during mating seasons.
- Cultural Symbol: Many see the cardinal as a sign that a departed loved one is watching over them.
- Weather Shelter: Cardinals often seek refuge in evergreen trees during harsh weather.
- Flight Pattern: Their unique flight involves a few rapid wing beats followed by a short glide.
- Evolving Diet: Some urban cardinals have taken to eating grains and bread.
- Mood Indicator: The position of a cardinal’s crest can give away its mood.
- Rising Populations: Cardinal populations have been increasing, partially due to the widespread use of bird feeders.
Physical Appearance of Northern Cardinals
Cardinals are easily identifiable by their beautiful red feathers. The vibrant red color of their plumage is what makes them stand out amongst other birds. The males are particularly striking, with their bright red feathers, while the females have a more muted red color. The brilliant red feathers of the male cardinal play an important role in attracting a mate during the breeding season, see our guide to Male Vs Female Cardinals
Another distinguishing feature of cardinals is their beak. Both male and female cardinals have reddish-orange beaks that are unique to their species. Their beaks are thick and strong, allowing them to crack open seeds and nuts with ease. The shape of the cardinal’s beak is perfectly adapted to their diet, providing them with the necessary tools to obtain their preferred food sources.
Behavior
Cardinals are known for their monogamous nature and mate for life. Once they find a suitable partner, they remain together throughout their lifetime.
This strong bond between male and female cardinals is a display of loyalty and commitment rarely seen in the avian world. They work together not only in the breeding process but also in other aspects of their daily lives.
Nest Building
When it comes to nest building, cardinals are diligent and meticulous. The male and female cardinals work together to construct their nest, usually in shrubs, dense bushes, or low branches.
They choose these locations for their nests to provide protection and camouflage for their precious eggs and nestlings and at nighttime sleep in similar well hidden locations.
Nest Location
Cardinals prefer to build their nests in areas that offer both safety and seclusion. They often choose dense foliage as it provides excellent cover and protection against predators. Their nests are well hidden amidst the leaves, making them difficult to spot for potential threats.
Mating Behavior
Cardinals engage in fascinating mating behaviors. The male cardinal uses its bright red plumage to attract a mate. He will often sing a beautiful, melodious song while displaying an array of courtship behaviors such as fluffing out his feathers, hopping, and even offering food to the female beak to beak. These displays are all part of the intricate mating rituals that occur between a pair of cardinals.
Territorial Behavior
Male cardinals can exhibit territorial behavior, especially during the breeding season. They fiercely defend their chosen territory from other male cardinals and potential threats. This territorial behavior is primarily seen in males as they try to protect the nesting site and ensure the survival of their offspring.
Diet
Bird Seed
Cardinals have a varied diet that consists of different types of bird seed. They particularly enjoy black oil sunflower seeds and safflower seeds. These nutrient-dense seeds provide cardinals with the necessary energy to survive and thrive. Offering bird seed in feeders is a great way to attract cardinals to your backyard.
Fruits
In addition to bird seed, cardinals also enjoy feasting on various fruits. They have a preference for berries such as mulberries, blackberries, and raspberries. Fruits provide cardinals with a natural source of vitamins and antioxidants, contributing to their overall health and well-being.
Preferred Seeds
While cardinals are known to consume a variety of seeds, there are a few types that they tend to prefer. One of their favorites is the black oil sunflower seed, which is high in fat and provides them with the necessary energy. Cardinals also enjoy cracked corn and peanut pieces, which add diversity to their diet and help fulfill their nutritional needs.
Habitat
Geographical Range
Cardinals, specifically the Northern Cardinal, can be found in a wide geographical range. Their habitat extends across the eastern half of the United States, including states such as Ohio, Indiana, and Florida. They can also be found in parts of Texas, some southwestern states, Mexico, and even parts of Central America. This wide distribution allows for their survival in different climates and environments.
Habitat Preferences
Cardinals prefer habitats that offer a combination of trees and shrubs. They are commonly found in woodlands, gardens, parks, and suburban areas. Cardinals thrive in areas with a good amount of vegetation, as it provides them with cover, food sources, and places to build their nests – so consider this when placing your bird feeder to attract Northern cardinals. They are adaptable birds and can make a home in a variety of environments as long as their basic needs are met.
Reproduction
Broods and Eggs
Cardinals typically have one to two broods a year. The female cardinal lays a clutch of 2-5 eggs during each breeding cycle. These cardinal eggs are usually white or cream in color with small, dark speckles. The female incubates the eggs, keeping them warm and protected until they hatch.
Nesting Habits
Cardinals are not cavity nesters and do not use birdhouses like some other bird species. Instead, they build their nests in shrubs or low branches – typical nesting territory. Cardinals do not reuse nests but may incorporate pieces of old nests into their new construction. The female cardinal is primarily responsible for building the nest, while the male assists by bringing materials such as twigs, grass, and leaves.
Parental Care
Once the eggs hatch, both the male and female cardinals take turns caring for the nestlings. They provide food, warmth, and protection to their young. Both parents are actively involved in feeding the nestlings a diet consisting of insects and seeds. The parents teach the young cardinals essential survival skills to ensure their successful transition into adulthood.
Color Change in Babies
Baby cardinals are initially born with a grayish-brown coloration that helps them blend in with their surroundings and provides camouflage from predators. As they grow and mature, their feathers gradually change to the vibrant red color that is characteristic of adult cardinals. This transformation occurs over the course of several months until the young cardinals reach their full vibrant plumage around 12 months old.
Xanthochroism
Xanthochroism is a genetic plumage variation that results in the production of yellow pigments instead of the typical red. In the case of the Northern Cardinal, which is usually recognized for its brilliant red coloration, xanthochroism can cause the bird to appear yellow or gold.
This unusual coloration is the result of the bird’s inability to convert yellow pigments to red ones. While sightings of yellow cardinals are rare, they create much excitement among bird enthusiasts and provide a unique opportunity to study genetic variations in wild bird populations.
Life Cycle
Incubation Period
The incubation period for cardinal eggs ranges from 11 to 13 days. During this time, the female cardinal will diligently sit on the eggs, keeping them warm and ensuring their proper development. The eggs require a stable temperature for successful hatching, and the female cardinals’ warm body provides the ideal conditions.
Fledging
After hatching, the baby cardinals spend approximately 9 to 11 days in the nest. During this time, they grow rapidly and develop their feathers and flight muscles. Once they are strong enough, they take their first flights out of the nest, a process known as fledging. The parents continue to provide food and guidance as the Cardinal Fledglings learn to navigate the world outside the nest.
Maturation
As the young cardinals continue to mature, they become more independent and start to explore their surroundings further. They refine their flight skills and foraging techniques, becoming proficient at finding food sources. Over time, their feathers transition to the vibrant red color that is characteristic of adult cardinals, marking their full maturation.
Lifespan
The average lifespan of a wild cardinal is around three years. However, cardinals have been known to live for up to 15 years in optimal conditions. Factors such as predation, disease, and environmental hazards can contribute to a shorter lifespan. However, cardinals can lead long and fulfilling lives if they can find suitable habitats with enough food and protection.
Symbolism and Superstitions
Good Luck Symbol
In many cultures, seeing a red cardinal is considered a symbol of good luck and is often associated with positive outcomes or new beginnings. The vibrant red plumage of the cardinal is believed to bring good fortune to those who encounter them. This belief has made cardinals a beloved and cherished bird in various parts of the world. The Arizona cardinals nfl team and the Louis cardinals baseball team both have cardinals as their emblem.
Omens
Beyond their association with good luck, cardinals are also sometimes believed to be omens or messengers from the spiritual realm. Some people interpret the presence of a cardinal as a sign of an important message or a divine presence. These beliefs vary depending on cultural and personal interpretations but add to the mystical aura surrounding these beautiful birds.
Associated Beliefs
Throughout history, cardinals have been associated with different beliefs and symbolism. They have often been viewed as spiritual beings or representatives of departed loved ones. The presence of a cardinal is sometimes interpreted as a message from a loved one who has passed away, bringing comfort and a sense of connection to those who believe in these spiritual beliefs.
Physical Interactions
Feeding Behavior
Cardinals often exhibit interesting feeding behaviors. While they can forage on the ground or in low vegetation, they are also adept at perching on bird feeders and using their strong beaks to crack open seeds. Cardinals are not shy birds and can coexist peacefully with other bird species at feeding stations, although they may display some territorial behavior when it comes to other male cardinals.
Interactions with Blue Jays
Blue Jays and cardinals are both commonly found in backyards, and their interactions can be fascinating to observe. While they may occasionally share a feeder, there can be some competition for resources. Blue Jays can sometimes intimidate cardinals, causing them to retreat temporarily. However, cardinals are not necessarily scared of blue jays and can often hold their ground, especially when it comes to protecting their chosen nesting area.
Window Tapping
One peculiar behavior that some cardinals exhibit is tapping or pecking at windows. This behavior is typically seen when cardinals see their own reflection in the glass and perceive it as a threat. They may engage in this tapping behavior as a way to warn off what they believe to be an intruding bird. This behavior can be fascinating to witness, but it is important to reduce the chances of injury by providing some form of window protection.
FAQS on Cardinal Bird Facts
Why are cardinals so special?
Cardinals are often deemed special because of their vibrant red coloration, especially in the males, which makes them stand out against snowy or neutral backgrounds. Their melodic songs and year-round presence also endear them to many. In various cultures and religions, cardinals are seen as spiritual messengers or symbols of hope, renewal, and love.
What are some facts about cardinals for kids?
- Cardinals are known for their bright red color, but only the male northern cardinal are fully red. The female northern cardinal are more of a brown color with hints of red.
- They have a strong beak which they use to crack open seeds.
- Cardinals like to sing! Both male and female cardinals can sing, and they might have more than one song.
- They are non-migratory birds, which means they usually stay in the same place year-round, but are protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.
- The cardinal is the official state bird for seven U.S. states: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, North Carolina, Ohio, Virginia, and West Virginia.
What does it mean when a cardinal visits you?
While the appearance of a cardinal can simply be a natural occurrence, many people believe it carries spiritual significance. In various cultures and traditions, a cardinal is seen as a messenger from the spirit world or a symbol of a loved one who has passed away. The bright red color is often associated with vitality and the spirit’s persistence, so seeing a cardinal might be interpreted as a sign of hope, love, or comfort.
Why are female cardinals not red?
Female cardinals are not as brightly red as males due to the differences in evolutionary pressures related to mating and survival. Males are brightly colored to attract females and establish territory against other males. On the other hand, females have a more subdued coloration—mostly brown with some red accents—which offers better camouflage while they are nesting and taking care of their young, making them less visible to predators.
Physical Appearance
Red Feathers
Cardinals are easily identifiable by their beautiful red feathers. The vibrant red color of their plumage is what makes them stand out amongst other birds. The males are particularly striking, with their bright red feathers, while the females have a more muted red color. The brilliant red feathers of the male cardinal play an important role in attracting a mate during the breeding season.
Distinctive Beak
Another distinguishing feature of cardinals is their beak. Both male and female cardinals have reddish-orange beaks that are unique to their species. Their beaks are thick and strong, allowing them to crack open seeds and nuts with ease. The shape of the cardinal’s beak is perfectly adapted to their diet, providing them with the necessary tools to obtain their preferred food sources.
Behavior
Monogamous and Mate for Life
Cardinals are known for their monogamous nature and mate for life. Once they find a suitable partner, they remain together throughout their lifetime. This strong bond between male and female cardinals is a display of loyalty and commitment rarely seen in the avian world. They work together not only in the breeding process but also in other aspects of their daily lives.
Nest Building
When it comes to nest building, cardinals are diligent and meticulous. The male and female cardinals work together to construct their nest, usually in shrubs, dense bushes, or low branches. They choose these locations for their nests to provide protection and camouflage for their precious eggs and nestlings.
Nest Location
Cardinals prefer to build their nests in areas that offer both safety and seclusion. They often choose dense foliage as it provides excellent cover and protection against predators. Their nests are well hidden amidst the leaves, making them difficult to spot for potential threats.
Mating Behavior
Cardinals engage in fascinating mating behaviors. The male cardinal uses its bright red plumage to attract a mate. He will often sing a beautiful, melodious song while displaying an array of courtship behaviors such as fluffing out his feathers, hopping, and even offering food to the female beak to beak. These displays are all part of the intricate mating rituals that occur between a pair of cardinals.
Territorial Behavior
Male cardinals can exhibit territorial behavior, especially during the breeding season. They fiercely defend their chosen territory from other male cardinals and potential threats. This territorial behavior is primarily seen in males as they try to protect the nesting site and ensure the survival of their offspring.
Diet
Bird Seed
Cardinals have a varied diet that consists of different types of bird seed. They particularly enjoy black oil sunflower seeds and safflower seeds. These nutrient-dense seeds provide cardinals with the necessary energy to survive and thrive. Offering bird seed in feeders is a great way to attract cardinals to your backyard.
Fruits
In addition to bird seed, cardinals also enjoy feasting on various fruits. They have a preference for berries such as mulberries, blackberries, and raspberries. Fruits provide cardinals with a natural source of vitamins and antioxidants, contributing to their overall health and well-being.
Preferred Seeds
While cardinals are known to consume a variety of seeds, there are a few types that they tend to prefer. One of their favorites is the black oil sunflower seed, which is high in fat and provides them with the necessary energy. Cardinals also enjoy cracked corn and peanut pieces, which add diversity to their diet and help fulfill their nutritional needs.
Habitat
Geographical Range
Cardinals, specifically the Northern Cardinal, can be found in a wide geographical range. Their habitat extends across the eastern half of the United States, including states such as Ohio, Indiana, and Florida. They can also be found in parts of Texas, some southwestern states, Mexico, and even parts of Central America. This wide distribution allows for their survival in different climates and environments.
Habitat Preferences
Cardinals prefer habitats that offer a combination of trees and shrubs. They are commonly found in woodlands, gardens, parks, and suburban areas. Cardinals thrive in areas with a good amount of vegetation, as it provides them with cover, food sources, and places to build their nests. They are adaptable birds and can make a home in a variety of environments as long as their basic needs are met.
Reproduction
Broods and Eggs
Cardinals typically have one to two broods a year. The female cardinal lays a clutch of 2-5 eggs during each breeding cycle. These eggs are usually white or cream in color with small, dark speckles. The female incubates the eggs, keeping them warm and protected until they hatch.
Nesting Habits
Cardinals are not cavity nesters and do not use birdhouses like some other bird species. Instead, they build their nests in shrubs or low branches. Cardinals do not reuse nests but may incorporate pieces of old nests into their new construction. The female cardinal is primarily responsible for building the nest, while the male assists by bringing materials such as twigs, grass, and leaves.
Parental Care
Once the eggs hatch, both the male and female cardinals take turns caring for the nestlings. They provide food, warmth, and protection to their young. Both parents are actively involved in feeding the nestlings a diet consisting of insects and seeds. The parents teach the young cardinals essential survival skills to ensure their successful transition into adulthood.
Color Change in Babies
Baby cardinals are initially born with a grayish-brown coloration that helps them blend in with their surroundings and provides camouflage from predators. As they grow and mature, their feathers gradually change to the vibrant red color that is characteristic of adult cardinals. This transformation occurs over the course of several months until the young cardinals reach their full vibrant plumage around 12 months old.
Life Cycle
Incubation Period
The incubation period for cardinal eggs ranges from 11 to 13 days. During this time, the female cardinal will diligently sit on the eggs, keeping them warm and ensuring their proper development. The eggs require a stable temperature for successful hatching, and the female cardinals’ warm body provides the ideal conditions.
Fledging
After hatching, the baby cardinals spend approximately 9 to 11 days in the nest. During this time, they grow rapidly and develop their feathers and flight muscles. Once they are strong enough, they take their first flights out of the nest, a process known as fledging. The parents continue to provide food and guidance as the young cardinals learn to navigate the world outside the nest.
Maturation
As the young cardinals continue to mature, they become more independent and start to explore their surroundings further. They refine their flight skills and foraging techniques, becoming proficient at finding food sources. Over time, their feathers transition to the vibrant red color that is characteristic of adult cardinals, marking their full maturation.
Lifespan
The average lifespan of a wild cardinal is around three years. However, cardinals have been known to live for up to 15 years in optimal conditions. Factors such as predation, disease, and environmental hazards can contribute to a shorter lifespan. However, cardinals can lead long and fulfilling lives if they can find suitable habitats with enough food and protection.
Symbolism and Superstitions
Good Luck Symbol
In many cultures, seeing a red cardinal is considered a symbol of good luck and is often associated with positive outcomes or new beginnings. The vibrant red plumage of the cardinal is believed to bring good fortune to those who encounter them. This belief has made cardinals a beloved and cherished bird in various parts of the world.
Omens
Beyond their association with good luck, cardinals are also sometimes believed to be omens or messengers from the spiritual realm. Some people interpret the presence of a cardinal as a sign of an important message or a divine presence. These beliefs vary depending on cultural and personal interpretations but add to the mystical aura surrounding these beautiful birds.
Associated Beliefs
Throughout history, cardinals have been associated with different beliefs and symbolism. They have often been viewed as spiritual beings or representatives of departed loved ones. The presence of a cardinal is sometimes interpreted as a message from a loved one who has passed away, bringing comfort and a sense of connection to those who believe in these spiritual beliefs.
Types of Cardinals
Northern Cardinal
The Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) is the most common and well-known type of cardinal. Its vibrant red plumage and distinctive crest make it easily recognizable. The Northern Cardinal can be found in a wide range of habitats, from woodlands to urban gardens, making it a familiar sight to many bird enthusiasts.
Other Cardinal Species
Apart from the Northern Cardinal, there are three other species of cardinals: the Pyrrhuloxia (Cardinalis sinuatus), the Vermilion Cardinal (Cardinalis phoeniceus), and the Yellow-billed Cardinal (Paroaria capitata). These species share some similarities with the Northern Cardinal in terms of their physical appearance and behavior.
Physical Interactions
Feeding Behavior
Cardinals often exhibit interesting feeding behaviors. While they can forage on the ground or in low vegetation, they are also adept at perching on bird feeders and using their strong beaks to crack open seeds. Cardinals are not shy birds and can coexist peacefully with other bird species at feeding stations, although they may display some territorial behavior when it comes to other male cardinals.
Interactions with Blue Jays
Blue Jays and cardinals are both commonly found in backyards, and their interactions can be fascinating to observe. While they may occasionally share a feeder, there can be some competition for resources. Blue Jays can sometimes intimidate cardinals, causing them to retreat temporarily. However, cardinals are not necessarily scared of blue jays and can often hold their ground, especially when it comes to protecting their chosen nesting area.
Window Tapping
One peculiar behavior that some cardinals exhibit is tapping or pecking at windows. This behavior is typically seen when cardinals see their own reflection in the glass and perceive it as a threat. They may engage in this tapping behavior as a way to warn off what they believe to be an intruding bird. This behavior can be fascinating to witness, but it is important to reduce the chances of injury by providing some form of window protection.
Conclusion
Cardinals are undoubtedly remarkable birds, both in their physical appearance and behavior. Their stunning red feathers and distinctive beaks make them easily recognizable, while their monogamous nature and devoted parenting demonstrate their loyalty and commitment. Cardinals thrive in various habitats, relying on a diverse diet of seeds and fruits to sustain their energy. As symbols of good luck and bringers of messages, the presence of cardinals adds a touch of enchantment to our surroundings. With different species and intriguing interactions with both humans and other birds, cardinals continue to captivate us with their beauty and charm.
